3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB, BZ) / Skripal

Novichok  (eng.)  /  Nowitschok (ger.)

Agent BZ:  (3-quinuclidinyl benzilate)
Odorless, environmentally stable, white crystalline powder.

3-quinuclidinyl benzilate is known as a chemical warfare substance and is classified as psychomimetic agent.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3148621/

Synonyms:
QNB; benzilic acid, 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate; EA2277; 3-quinuclindinyl ester; 3-hydroxyquinuclidine benzilate; agent buzz; 3-(2,2-diphenyl-2-hydroxyethanoyloxy)-quinuclidine
Source:   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201480/table/tab_1_2/?report=objectonly

Anticholinergic activity.
Produces anticholinergic delirium, non-specific syndrome of cognitive dysfunction, hallucinations, inability to perform tasks.
Currently used as a pharmacological tool (a muscarinic antagonist known as QNB).
No data on the lethality of BZ in humans after inhalation exposure available.
Lethal doses to humans were estimated by Ketchum (1963) [1] by extrapolation of data from animals.

[1]
Ketchum JS. The Human Assessment of BZ. Human Investigations Facility, Directorate of Medical Research, U.S. Army Chemical Research and Development Laboratories; Edgewood Arsenal, MD; 1963. (CRDL Technical Memorandum 20–29).

https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/f?./temp/~KEUVpY:1

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/c003?lang=de&region=DE

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3-Quinuclidinyl_benzilate

Agent BZ ( 3-Quinuclidinyl Benzilate ): Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201480/

Ketchum et al. 1967 :
Ketchum JS, Tharp BR, Crowell EB, Sawhill DL, Vancil ME. The Human Assessment of BZ Disseminated
Under Field Conditions. Medical Research Laboratory; Edgewood Arsenal, MD: 1967. (Edgewood Arsenal Technical Report EATR 4140).

U.S. Department of the Army 1974 :
U.S. Department of the Army. Chemical Agent Data Sheets. Vol. 1. U.S. Department of the Army, Edgewood Arsenal; Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: 1974. pp. 109–113. (Edgewood Arsenal Special Report AD 0030).

https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/opus4-wuerzburg/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/6145/file/Diss_Julia_Baetz.pdf

Absolute configuration of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate and the behavioral effect in the dog of the optical isomers
Anita Meyerhoffer, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1972 15 (9), 994-995
DOI: 10.1021/jm00279a030

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jm00279a030